Protecting your Plants on Cold Nights

In the past few weeks we've record breaking low temperatures all across the United States.  While South Florida probably experienced some of the mildest temperatures in the country, the cold temperatures were a shock to many of our flora and fauna--including the humans who had to dig out hats and scarves they hadn't worn in years.  Temperatures in South Florida dipped as low as 39 degrees and threatened frost.   Like many South Florida gardeners I was more concerned about how to protect the plants I've worked to so hard to nourish, than finding a matching pair of gloves.  Since these cold temperatures are not typical in South Florida many new gardeners are at a loss as to how to protect their plants from the cold.

First, find out if your plants need protection.  Many plants native to your growing zone will be able to weather a few cold nights, provided there is not a frost.  If it is cold, but there is not a frost, you'll need more information about the types of plants you have and if they are sensitive to temperature changes.  You should always keep the tag on the plants when you buy them, these usually indicate cold hardiness and recommended fertilizer.  If you didn't purchase the plant or don't have the tags, it's simple enough to find this information on the internet if you know the name of the plant variety.  My Bougainvilla resent being moved and often object by dropping leaves when there is a dramatic change in their environment.  I've found it is better to leave them outside unless the temperature puts them at serious risk.  Norfolk Island Pine are hardy to temperatures as low as 50 degrees, though I've seen them weather much colder temperatures. 

If the mercury sinks down to a possible frost, you will want to take measures to protect the plants. One of the advantages of a container garden is that it is easy to move the plants inside when the temperatures plummets or hurricane winds start brewing.  Backyard gardeners don't have this same luxury.  However if you've planted in a heavy container or are unable to move your plants inside due to pets, space or time constraints, other options are available.  

Mulching your plants can provide some level of protection against the cold.  Lay 2 inches of mulch on your soil up to the base of the plant.  The mulch acts as a blanket keeping the soil below warmer.  If you use this method be sure to check that when you water it is getting through the layer of mulch.  Of course this only protects the roots and soil from freezing, it won't protect the plant above the surface.  Another option is covering the plant.  Place three stakes in the soil around the plant slightly taller than the plant.  Then cover with a sheet or tarp.  This will act as a tent and protect the plant from frost and cold wind.

If you have questions about your plant varieties.  Feel free to leave a comment and I will help you determine how to best protect your plants from the cold.